Jet apparatus for treatment of textile fibers



N 1965 c. A. FLETCHER ETAL 3,220,082

JET APPARATUS FOR TREATMENT OF TEXTILE FIBERS Filed March 29, 1962 4Sheets-Sheet 1 8 6 4/ W 4 -3 7 l/V UharlesA.Fleicher RichardED erINVENTO 5" Mud/Z M! Nov. 30, 1965 C. A. FLETCHER ETAL JET APPARATUS FORTREATMENT OF TEXTILE FIBERS Filed March 29, 1962 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Charles A-Fletcher Richard Dyer INVENTORS' BY %-/-/M MMM 1965 c. A.FLETCHER ETAL 3,220,082

JET APPARATUS FOR TREATMENT OF TEXTILE FIBERS Filed March 29, 1962 4Sheets-Sheet 3 F1 9'. 9 FigLlO g5 95 I 96 6 /////1 V// Fig: 11 F1 12 f/H //l'l 6 W/AV// 6 V/ //////j F1 13 Fig-.514

Fig: 16

CharlesAFlefcher RichardEDyer INVENTORS ATTORNEYS 1965 c. A. FLETCHERETAL 3,220,082

JET APPARATUS FOR TREATMENT OF TEXTILE FIBERS Filed March 29, 1962 4Sheets-Sheet 4 66 & m I" .Fti. 9:19

CharlesA-Flel-cher RichardE Dyer IN V EN TORS BY MM MMM United StatesPatent 3,220,082 JET APPARATUS FOR TREATMENT OF TEXTILE FIBERS CharlesA. Fletcher and Richard F. Dyer, Kingsport,

Tenn., assignors to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N.Y., acorporation of New Jersey Filed Mar. 29, 1962, Ser. No. 183,448 7Claims. (Cl. 28-1) This invention relates to apparatus for the use inthe treatment of textile yarns. More particularly, this inventionconcerns a new type jet adapted to be supplied with high velocity gaswhich imparts spaced entanglements to continuous filament syntheticyarns and tows.

For many years various textile treatment jets utilizing high velocitygas have been used in the textile industry for imparting to yarns avariety of physical properties and appearances. Illustrative of thesejets are those shown in US. patents such as 2,067,251 2,100,588,2,379,824, 2,460,390 2,661,588 2,737,688, 2,884,756, 2,924,868,2,932,935 and 2,962,794. The several jets which have been described inthe prior art have the capability of imparting many different treatmentsto yarn.. However, generally speaking, the prior art jets are bestsuited for a specific treatment. As new and improved configurations orphysical properties for yarns are arrived at, treatment jets are neededfor use in manufacturing these new products.

A treatment known for some time in the industry as intermingling,entangling or entwining yarn is now being used to improve the handlingof zero twist yarn in various textile operations such as crimping,beaming, sizing, weaving, twisting, knitting and the like where variousamounts of twist have heretofore been used and are normally required.Many of the existing jets mentioned above may be used for producing suchtype yarn, generically referred to as entangled yarn. However, it isbelieved apparent that the development of a specific simplified jetconstruction for treating yarn in this manner would be of substantialvalue to the trade. It, therefore, seems apparent that providing newjets which fulfill certain special needs of the industry represents auseful result. After extended investigation we have discovered certainrelatively simple jet constructions which We believe to embody new andunobvious features.

The new jets of this invention are particularly of a construction forthe production of the aforementioned entagled yarn and have a number ofadvantages over any of the previously available jets, such as low volumeand low pressure air or other fluid requirements, one pieceinterchangeable ceramic jet inserts relatively small sized, noadjustment, and simplicity of design.

This invention has for one object to provide a jet construction of anature that lends itself for use in the treatment of yarns and tows forpurposes of entangling, entwining or intermingling, as mentioned above,of the individual filaments of a running strand thereof. Another objectis to provide a jet of the class just mentioned which may be utilized toprocess the yarn continuously or to secure randomly spaced treatmentalong the yarn so as to give the yarn handling characteristics similarto that of yarn which has been twisted. A further object is to provide ajet structure for treating yarn so that the yarn is relatively free ofany loops or other noticeable discontinuities but has a marked tendencyto remain in a coherent :bundle of filaments in textile operations.Still another object is to provide a jet that is capable of strippingexcess liquids off running strands of yarn in operations such as wetspinning, sizing, dyeing, hot liquid drafting and the like so as tofacilitate further treatment or winding of the yarn. Still anotherobject it to provide a jet which, if desired, may be employed inoperations such as bulking, texturing or lofting a running strand ofyarn.

3,220,082 Patented Nov. 30, I965 Another object is to provide a jetwhich may be used for heating yarns with hot gases or other fluids inconnection with drafting and relaxing operations. Still a further objectis to provide a jet apparatus having utility as a frictionless yarnguide. A further and particularly important object is to provide jets ofthe class indicated wherein by the relatively simple feature of changinginserts the structure and function of the jet may be modified toaccomplish one or more of the objectives set forth above. Other objectswill appear hereinafter.

In the broader aspects of this invention our new treatment jet has twodistinct parts; a jet body, the purpose of which is to receive anddistribute the pressurized gas or other fluid (most frequently clean,dry air) and to support the other part which is the jet insert. This jetinsert is a special construction for use in treating the yarn bydirecting onto the yarn a pressurized fluid received from the jet bodyin the form of high velocity jet streams. It will be observed as thedescription proceeds that we have provided a construction particularlyversatile in this respect by virtue of our construction beingsusceptible of including certain inserts.

For assistance in a further understanding of this invention referencewill be made to the attached drawings forming a part of thisapplication.

FIGURE 1 is a side elevation view largely in section illustrating oursimplified jet.

FIGURE 2 is a semidiagrammatic view of one illustrative processembodiment of textile operation wherein our new simplified jetconstruction may be used.

FIGURE 3, likewise, is a semidiagrammatic view somewhat in the nature ofa flow sheet of another embodiment of textile operation wherein our newsimplified jet construction may be utilized.

FIGURE 4 is still a further semidiagrammatic view of process andapparatus arrangement wherein the new simplified jet construction of thepresent invention may be employed.

FIGURE 5 is a side elevation view of a modified et insert such as may beused in our simplified jet of FIG- URE 1 so that other functions may beaccompllshed.

FIGURE 6 is an end elevation of the insert structure of FIGURE 5.

FIGURES 7-15, inclusive, are illustrations similar to FIGURES 5 and 6 ofother insert constructions and configurations.

FIGURE 16 is a side sectional view showing another way of mounting theinserts in the jet.

FIGURES 17 and 18 are on a considerably enlarged scale of some of theyarn structures fed and obtained using the various jet constructionsreferred to above for the processing of yarns.

FIGURE 19 is an end sectional view showing a et assembly featuring ayarn threading slot.

FIGURE 20 is a top sectional view of the same slotted jet assembly.

Referring to FIGURE 1 this invention is there shown in one of itssimplest forms. The jet body, designated by the numeral 1, is drilledand counter-bored to receive the pressurized gas conduit, 2, at thebottom and also drilled through the sides to receive a ceramic jetinsert, 3, in such a manner that the center portion of the insert isincapsulated in the annulus, 4, formed by the extension of the holepreviously drilled for the gas conduit. The insert 3 itself is tubularin shape and has two inlets, 5, which direct the pressurized gas fromthe annulus, 4, into the treatment chamber, 6. The yarn strand to betreated passes through the treatment chamber, 6, as.

shown by the alternated filament bundle 7.

Although an understanding of the functioning of this simplified jet isapparent to some extent from the forediagrammatical illustrationsExample I This example is in accordance with FIGURE 2, concerns theutilization of the jet as applied to a dry spinning process for theproduction of 55 denier, 13 filament dull entangled acetate continuousfilament yarn.

The yarn strand, 17 is formed by the extrusion of the acetate dopethrough a spinnerette jet, 18, into a spinning cabinet, 19, where theindividual filaments are partially cured and combined into a single yarnstrand. The yarn then passes out of the cabinet and contacts an oilapplicator roll, 20, where a yarn lubricant, 21, is applied to it. Itthen passes around a godet roll, 22, and into a collector housing, 23,which contains the treatment jet, 11, of this invention. Pressurizeddry, clean air is supplied to the jet through conduit, 12, and theundesirable oil-laden exhaust from the jet is collected and removed bythe collector housing and connecting gutter, 23, as described in moredetail in companion application S.N. 138,943, filed September 18, 1961,now Patent No. 3,103,731. The yarn passes out of the housing, 23, overceramic guides, 24 and 25, and into a conventional traverse mechanism,26, from whence it is wound into a package for use in subsequent textileoperations. The conditions in the vicinity of the jet are as follows:

Yarn speed660 meters/ min.

Yarn tension at the treatment jet grams (0.0909

g./ den.)

Jet supplied with p.s.i.g. treatment air The yarn produced has thefollowing physical properties:

55 denier-13 filament-O twist Average entanglement spacing4 inches 2.3by weight lubricant 25% elongation 1.2 grams/ denier (dry) strengthExample II Another example of the use of the invention is illustrated inFIGURE 3, as applied to the drafting and entangling of a multifilament,continuous filament polyester fiber. The yarn strand, 30, is withdrawnfrom an unoriented supply package, 31, and passes through a tensiongate, 34. It passes over a ceramic guide, 35, and onto a drafting inputand advancing roll set, 36. A hot pin, 37, heats the yarn; and it isoriented or drafted by the drafting output and advancing roll set, 38.It then passes through the treatment jet, 32,- supplied with pressurizedair through conduit, 33, from a source not shown, and is wound into ayarn package, 39, by a conventional winding device. The treatment jet inthis example imparts to the yarn at random intervals an entwining orintermingling of the individual filamentaround each other. The resultingyarn strand is bound together by these entwined spots and, in subsequenttextile operations, handles in the same manner as yarn that has beentwisted. The conditions in the vicinity of the treatment jet are asfollows:

Yarn speed-422 yds./ min. Yarn tension9 grams (0.128 g./ d.) Jetsupplied with 20 p.s.i.g. dry air The yarn produced had the followingproperties:

70 denier, 33 filament Average spacing between entanglements2" ExampleIII A third example of the utilization of this new and simplified jet isillustrated in FIGURE 4, as applied to the production of a 2700 denier,200 filament textured filament, modified acrylic yarn, such as describedin greater detail in companion Haynes US. application Serial No.102,880, now Patent No. 3,099,064. The yarn strands, 40, from the supplypackage, 41, of previously oriented fiber pass through a set of feedrools, 42, into a set of treatment jets, 43, supplied with pressurizedair from a source not shown where fibers are individually entangled.They are then combined into a tow, 44, by passing between guide pins,45, and crimped in a crimping machine, 46. The crimped tow, 47, is thenheat set in an oven, 48, and separated into individual ends, 49, againfor winding on a conventional winding device, 50. The entanglement inthis process is used in the place of twist to maintain the integrity ofthe individual strands while they are being processed in tow form sothat, upon completion of the heat setting, they can be split apart andwound on individual packages. The texture of the yarn is derived fromthe crimping and not the entanglin'g. The operating conditions in thevacinity of the treatment jet are as follows:

3% overfeed between feed roll and crimper Yarn speed175 meters/minuteAir pressure supplied to treatment jet-40 p.s.i.g.

The yarn produced is characterized by interfilament entanglements at /2to 1" intervals and a crimped texture which imparts to it a uniqueappearance and hand, particularly suitable for use in carpets,upholstery fabrics, and other textile products.

The jet constructions used in the above examples consist of ceramictubes in a pressurized annulus, as illustrated in FIGURE 1. Thepreferred design of the insert and its relationship With the annulus canbe further described by defining certain ratios and parameters betweenthe various dimensions and the yarns to be treated. Referring to FIGUREv1, the yarn passage diameter, 6, preferably is 5 to 20 times the yarndiameter. The length of the yarn passage, 6, preferably is 3 to 15 timesits diameter. The diameter of the air passage, 5, preferably is 1 to /2times the diameter of the yarn passage, 6. The length of the, airpassage, 5 preferably is V2 to 3 times its diameter. The interior edgesat the ends of the yarn passage, 6, are chamfered or rounded so as toeliminate possible yarn damage and increase running efliciency. Thediameter of the insert is selected so as to allow sufficient and properair supply to the air passages, 5.

Although in the above description one type of insert for the jet hasbeen described; there are several variations which can be applied to theinsert so as to achieve different effects. It is advantageous to use ajet body equipped with interchangeable inserts especially suited forimparting a desired treatment to yarns within a specified denier range.For example, a jet insert with a yarn passage diameter of .052 and airpassages of .040" is preferred for yarn deniers from 35 to whereas, aninsert with a yarn passage of .095" and air passages of .070" ispreferred for yarn deniers from 150 to 500, etc. Yarns of differentchemical and molecular structure may better use different insertsbecause of their varied physical properties and handlingcharacteristics.

While the insert illustrated in FIGURE 1 has two air passages of acylindrical configuration, other shapes and arrangements of air passagesalong the yarn passage are desirable for imparting different treatmentsto various kinds and sizes of yarns. For example, the treatment jet usedin the third process example FIGURE 4, may have as its insert the designillustrated in FIGURE 5. This figure illustrates an insert with four airpassages, 5, of cylindrical configuration whose axes intersect the axisof a cylindrical yarn passage, 6, and are perpendicular to each other.FIGURE 6 is an end elevation view of the same insert. FIGURE 7, asectional side elevation view, illustrates an insert with a conicalconfiguration, 72, on one end of cylindrical yarn passage, 76, andconically shaped air passages, 73. In this, jet the included angle ofthe tapered portion, 72, has been found to be most effective when it hasa value of 4 to with 7 being a preferred value. This diverging portionof the jet forms the yarn exit from the tube, 76, and promotesself-threading of-the jet. This self-threading feature makes this jetparticularly useful as a frictionless thread guide for use in a beamingoperation where the yarn strands must be supported and guided overseveral hundred ft. at times. For this use the diameter of thecylindrical part of the passageway, 76, should be as small as possibleto reduce air usage requirements and may be from 2 to 10 times the yarndiameter. With low air pressures of 0.1 to 5.0 p.s.i. gauge, the yarnbundle is supported on a film of gas throughout the passageway, 76, as aminor portion of the gas escapes through the yarn entrance, and a majorportion escapes through the yarn exit taper, 72. This division of thegas exhaust gives a gentle forwarding action to the yarn which helps toovercome atmospheric air drag when the yarn is traveling at high speedsor tension from the centrifugal forces generated as the yarn balloonsout in the course of removal from the end of a supply package. The smallsize of the yarn passage permits the use of a minimum of air and thusavoids any derangement of the yarn filaments by the jet air guide whichwould cause them to take on an entwined, entangled, or loopy appearance.Of course, if desired, higher air pressure of say 5 to 150 p.s.i. may beused to cause any desired degree of entanglement or looping of the yarnfilaments as well as the aforementioned yarn guiding effect.

The air entrance passages, as 5, may be either straight as shown inFIGURE 1 or converging as shown in FIGURE 7. The converging type airentrance is helpful in accelerating the treatment gas to a high velocityto enhance the entangling or looping and entangling of the yarn filaments when these effects may be desired. An included entrance angle ofto 90 in the air entrance passages allows the use of lower gas pressuresfor a given level of filament entanglement or loopiness due to theincreased kinetic energy imparted to the gas stream by accelerating itto a higher velocity by means of the converging air passages, 5.

In FIGURE 8 is shown an enlarged portion of a preferred gas entrance,83, to a jet of the class described. This type entrance to the yarn tubehas very low losses due to gas friction and turbulence and in certaininstances it may be possible to treat several thousand ends of yarn atsubstantial savings in cost even though the initial cost of fabricationof the jet may be increased as compared to the straight gas tube, 5, ofFIGURE 1. In this case a diameter for the yarn passage is selecteddepending on the yarn denier and the type of treatment desired. In thecase shown a value of d is selected for the inside diameter of the yarnpassage. The outside diameter of the insert tube is then assigned thevalue of 1.6d, giving the tube a wall thickness of .3d. The diameter ofthe gas inlet is .50d, and the entrance to the gas inlet tube isassigned two radii which merge into a straight cylindrical passage. Thefirst entrance radius is given a value of .lOd, the center point of thisradius being located .lOd from the outer tube surface and .37d from theaxis of the gas entrance. This first radius is merged with a secondradius having a value of .1511, the center of which is located .l5d fromthe outer surface of the tube and .50d from the axis of the gaspassageway. All these dimensions are based on a longitudinalcross-section as shown in FIGURE 8. It will be recognized that thesevalues will be slightly different in other vertical cross-sectionalplanes that do not pass through the yarn passage axis due to thecylindrical shape of the outer surface of the jet insert.

FIGURE 9, a sectional side elevation view, illustrates a rectangularyarn passage, 96, and cylindrical air passages, 95. The rectangular yarnpassage promotes eddy currents and air turbulence and is useful forincreasing the entangling forces on the yarn filaments. FIGURE 10 is anend elevation view of the same insert.

' FIGURE 11, a sectional side elevation view, illustrates an insert withthree alternately spaced cylindrical air passages along a cylindricalyarn passage, 6. FIGURE 12, a sectional side elevation view, illustratesan insert with one cylindrical air inlet, 5, intersecting a cylindricalyarn passage, 6. FIGURE 13, a side elevation view, illustrates an insertwith cylindrical air passages which intersect the cylindrical yarnpassage tangentially. FIGURE 14 is a sectional and elevation view ofthis same insert. This form of jet is useful when it is desired toimpart a false twist to the yarn either for the purpose of improving thecompactness and ease of handling of the yarn in an immediately prior orsubsequent process step or for the purpose of achieving a curly crimp inthe yarn filaments as described in companion Hoskins U.S. applicationSerial No. 826,714, now abandoned. While the outer wall of the gasentrances is depicted in FIGURE 14 as tangential with the wall of theyarn passage, it will be recognized that the axial offset of the gaspassage, 5, from the axis of the yarn passage, 6, may be greater orless, depending on the amount of torsional force it is desired to imposeon the yarn bundle. If only a low degree of false twist, say a few turnsper inch, is desired in a frictionless thread guide such as shown inFIGURE 7, then the axis of the gas entrance tubes, 5, may be displacedonly a few thousandths of an inch from the axis of the yarn passageway,6. Such a jet configuration is particularly advantageous in handlingdelicate yarns to avoid damaging friction over guides and preventingexcessive filament separation or entanglement by means of the low levelof false twist imparted. Conversely with larger axial offsets and highair pressures, a high degree of filament entanglement or entanglementand loopiness together with a moderate lev l of false twist may beimparted to a yarn if so desired.

FIGURE 15, a side elevation sectional view, illustrates a V shaped yarnpassage, 106, with an included angle from 170 to and cylindrical airpassages 5. Such a configuration is helpful when the jet is located at apoint where a change in direction of the yarn path is desired, but spaceor other limitations require that the yarn must be entangled or loopedsimultaneously with the change in yarn path.

FIGURES 19 and 20 illustrate a jet assembly which features a yarnthreading slot for improved operating efficiency and convenience. Theslotted jet allows a running strand of yarn to be introduced into thetreatment chamber simply by sliding the filaments through the slot.

In continuous processes normally associated with the ex-- trusion ofsynthetic fibers by melt, dry, or wet spinning this feature is highlydesirable because the running strand of yarn does not have to be brokenin order to thread it through the jet.

The jet consists of an upper body, 60, a lower body, 61, a spacer, 62, aslotted ceramic insert, 63, a pressurized gas conduit, 64, and aconventional threaded fastener 65. The slot is designated by the numeral66.

The width of the slot, 66, is dependent upon the thickness of thespacer, 62, and can be varied to accommodate large or small filamentcross sections. For yarns with filament diameters in the range of .0005"to .002" a .004" spacer is preferred; larger filaments require a thickerspacer. The slot entrance has been provided with radii, 67, tofacilitate sliding the yarn into the treatment chamber.

A gentle flow of air issues through the fine slot in the insert thusinsuring that the yarn filaments are not blown out of the treatmentchamber by the more turbulent conditions existing therein. If desiredtheinsert can be rotated with respect to the jet body after threading,misaligning the slots thus providing an additionalmeans of' preventingthe escape of any filaments from the treatment chamber. The flanges, 68,on either end of the insert serve to position the insert in the jet bodyand to prevent the snagging of filaments in the cracks formed by thejunction of the outer diameter of the insert and the inner diameters ofthe jet bodies.

The jet of FIGURE 15, when used solely as a yarn guide, has particularadvantages over the prior art snubbing guides which rub and abrade theyarn rather than floating it on a film of gas. These variations on the:design of the insert are not all inclusive but serve to illustrate someof the possible insert configurations within the spirit of thisinvention. The inserts illustrated in FIG- URES l and 19 are preferredfor producing moderately tight entanglement on yarns from 35 to 500denier, for example, in acetate spinning operations similar to the oneillustrated in FIGURE 2; whereas, the inserts of FIG-- URE 5 and FIGURE11 are better suited for producing heavy entanglement on larger deniersin processes similar to the bulking of modified acrylic yarns asillustrated in FIGURE 4. When only a mild entanglement is dc sired, theinsert of FIGURE 12 is preferred. If it is desired to have the insertexert a slight pull on the yarn to facilitate withdrawal or threading orto act as a frictionless yarn guide, a jet similar to FIGURE 7 is preferred. If it is desired to eliminate any slight twisting or swirling ofthe yarn strand, then an insert similar to FIGURES 9-10 is preferred.The insert of FIGURE 8 is best suited for imparting a bulk or texture tothe yarn so as to give it the appearance and hand of staple yarn. If afalse twisting effect is desired, the insert of FIGURES 13-14 withtangential air passages is preferred. If it is desirable to direct theexhaust from the jet downward or upward, an insert similar to FIGURE 15can be used.

All of these inserts exhibit a tendency to remove excess liquids fromrunning strands of yarn; however, the inserts of FIGURES 1, 5, 7, 9, 11,15 and 19 are preferred for this use. Inserts similar to the onesillustrated in FIG- URES l, 7, 9 and 19 are preferred when it is desiredto obtain novelty delustered effect on bright or semi-bright yarns. Theconfigurations of the air passages illustrated are typical of those thatcan be used; however, certain other shapes would still be within thespirit of this invention. The cylindrical air passages of FIGURES l, 5,9, 11, 12, 13, 15 and 19 are the easiest to form and give very goodresults, but special effects and higher efiiciencies can be realized inusing the conical, converging nozzle or other similar configurations ofFIGURES 7 and 8.

Reference is now made briefly to FIGURE 16. To achieve a versatileapparatus, one method of mounting the insert in the jet body isaccomplished by utilizing O ring seals, 29', and a retaining ring, 28,as illustrated in FIGURE 16. For applications where a permanent joint isdesired, the two parts are joined by cement, 8, as illustrated in FIGURE1.

While it is not desired to be bound by theory, a further understandingperhaps may be had from the following explanation:

This invention it is thought may be considered an improvement overexisting theory long known to those skilled in the art of treating yarnstrands with high velocity gases or liquids. Simply stated, the jetstreams of high velocity gas impinge on the yarn perpendicularly or at aslight angle to its axis and cause the individual filaments to beseparated from each other and rearranged in an entwined, intermingledfashion as they exit from the treatment zone. This is further apparentby referring to FIG- URE 17, where a short length of zero twist yarn isdepicted with its filaments arranged in a parallel manner and comparingit to FIGURE 18, which depicts two entangled spots, 103 and 104, in ashort length of yarn treated with an insert similar to that of FIGURE 1.It can be seen that, in bright or semi-bright yarns, entangled spotsalong the strands of otherwise zero twist yarns have differentreflective properties as described in companion Dyer application SerialNo. 145,877. This results in a novel effect when these yarns are wovenand finished into fabrics of various constructions. When jets of thisinvention are used to strip excess liquids off running strands of yarn,the action of the high velocity jet streams on the yarn in the treatmentarea penetrates through the yarn strand, atomizes any excess liquidspresent, and expels them as aerosol from either end of the jet insert.This can be further enhanced by utilizing hot or warm gas to vaporizesome of the excess liquid.

The heating of yarns, particularly the polyester and polyolefin types,in drafting and relaxing processes can be readily accomplished usingthis type of jet due to the extremely efiicient heat transfer obtainedwhen the hot jet streams separate and incapsulate each individualfilament. The jets of this invention can be designed and operated sothat the yarn appearance and filament arrangement before and afterpassage through the jet remains the same, or the appearance remains thesame but the filament arrangement is changed, or both the appearance andfilament arrangement is changed as may be seen from the foregoing. Thetreatment jet of this invention is a relatively simple apparatusfeaturing only two parts, neither of which re quires adjustment. It ishighly versatile in that any number of different inserts can be used inthe same jet body to impart many different treatments to various runningstrands of yarn. It can be fabricated from ceramic mate rials, thuseliminating wear caused by erosion due to the air flow or yarn abrasionand insuring a uniform quality of treatment over long periods of time.It is small in size and can be easily applied to existing textileoperations where other type jets will not fit. It can also be adaptedfor slot threading thus improving operating efiiciency and convenience.In summary, this unique jet, featuring small interchangeable ceramicinserts, can be used in the textile industry to entangle, loft, bulk,heat, deluster, texture, false twist and remove excess liquids fromrunning strands of yarn.

Although the invention has been described in considerable detail withparticular reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof,variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scopeof the invention as described hereinabove, and as defined in theappended claims.

We claim:

1. A jet for the treatment of multifilament yarn, said jet beingcomprised of an elongated body member counterbored to provide a gasconduit extending inwardly in the body member and to receive apressurized gas conduit on one end of the body member, the other end ofthe body member being closed, a single continuous insert of a length atleast equal to the width of the body member extending across the bodymember and incapsulated therein, said insert being positioned in thebody member so that the central portion of said insert is surrounded bythe gas conduit of the body member, said insert being provided with atleast one opening located at least A L from the end of the insert lengthwhere L represents the insert length, the axis of which intercepts atsubstantially right angles the axis of the yarn passageway wherebypressurized fluid supplied to the body member may pass through the sideof the insert and act upon the multifilament yarn passing through saidinsert in a non-twisting manner.

2. A jet construction of the class indicated in claim 1 wherein theinsert is of a cylindrical configuration, the diameter to the yarnpassageway is 5-20 times the yarn diameter and the length of thepassageway is 3-15 times the passageway diameter.

3. A jet construction of the class indicated in claim 1 wherein the airpassages are /2 to 3 times the diameter of the yarn passage and theirlength is A to 1 times their diameter.

4. A jet construction in accordance with claim 1 wherein for 35-150denier multifilament yarn the diameter of the yarn passageway is of theorder of .052 inch and the diameter of the air openings are of the orderof .040 inch and for -500 denier multifilament yarn the dimensions areof the order of .095 and .070 inch respectively.

5. A jet construction of the class indicated in claim 1 containing a onepiece insert wherein one end of the insert is provided with a yarn exitin the shape of a frustrum of a right circular cone where included angleis between 3 and 20 and a yarn entrance in the shape of a right circularcylinder of the same diameter as the small end of the frustrum of thecone, the exit and entrance portions having a common longitudinal axisand at least one fluid opening whose axis intersects said common axis atright angles and at a point between approximately /3 and 6 along thelength of the insert.

6. A combination jet insert for the jet of claim 1 for both entanglingand false twisting yarn containing a longitudinal cylindrical yarnpassageway and at least one fluid opening which whose axis intersectsthe yarn passageway axis at right angles and at least one additionalfluid opening whose axis is at right angles to the yarn passageway axis,the axes being displaced from each other by not more than a fewthousands of an inch.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the pressurized fluid supply annulusof the body member is at least foul times the diameter of the fluidopenings in the insert to avoid swirling and uneven air flow to the yarnpassageway.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,982,000 5/ 1961Gonsalves 28-1 2,985,995 5/1961 Bunting et al. 57-34 2,991,614 7/1961Ubbelohde 5777.3 X 2,994,938 8/1961 Loveland et al 28-1 2,997,771 8/1961Martyn 57-34 X 3,013,379 12/1961 Breen 57-157 3,026,597 3/ 1962 Swaney28-1 3,069,836 12/1962 Dahlstrorn et al 57-157 3,079,745 3/1963 Breen etal 57-34 DONALD W. PARKER, Primary Examiner.

RUSSELL C. MADER, Examiner.

1. A JET FOR THE TREATMENT OF MULTIFILAMENT YARN, SAID YET BEINGCOMPRISED OF AN ELONGATED BODY MEMBER COUNTERBORED TO PROVIDE A GASCONDUIT EXTENDING INWARDLY IN THE BODY MEMBER AND TO RECEIVE APRESSURIZED GAS CONDUIT ON ONE END OF THE BODY MEMBER, THE OTHER END OFTHE BODY MEMBER BEING CLOSED, A SINGLE CONTINUOUS INSERT OF A LENGTH ATLEAST EQUAL TO THE WIDTH OF THE BODY MEMBER EXTENDING ACROSS THE BODYMEMBER AND INCAPSULATED THEREIN, SAID INSERT BEING POSITIONED IN THEBODY MEMBER SO THAT THE CENTRAL PORTION OF SAID INSERT IS SURROUNDED BYTHE GAS CONDUIT OF THE BODY MEMBER, SAID INSERT BEING PROVIDED WITH ATLEAST ONE OPENING LOCATED AT LEAST 1/4 L FROM THE END OF THE INSERTLENGTH WHERE L REPRESENTS THE INSERT LENGTH, THE AXIS OF WHICHINTERCEPTS AT SUBSTANTIALLY RIGHT ANGLES THE AXIS OF THE YARN PASSAGEWAYWHEREBY PRESSURIZED FLUID SUPPLIED TO THE BODY MEMBER MAY PASS THROUGHTHE SIDE OF THE INSERT AND ACT UPON THE MULTIFILAMENT YARN PASSINGTHROUGH SAID INSERT IN A NON-TWISTING MANNER.